Selangor

Selangor (Jawi script: سلاڠور; also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity") is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It completely surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, both of which were once under Selangor's sovereignty.

Map of Selangor

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The state capital is Shah Alam, the first city in Selangor, and the royal capital is Klang. Another major urban centre is Petaling Jaya which was awarded city status on June 20, 2006. Selangor is one of only two Malaysian states with more than one city; the other is Sarawak.

Selangor is currently the richest, most industrialized and most urbanized of all Malaysian states[citation needed]. As Menteri Besar, Mohamed Khir Toyo declared Selangor a developed state on 27 August 2005.

Selangor is the richest state in Malaysia in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (PPP) at USD33,147 (2008)[1]. On 27 August 2005, Selangor was officially declared the first developed state in Malaysia by the then state government

History
1743 Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan established.
8 Jan 1758 - 1766 Under sovereignty of Johor.
13 Aug 1784 - 29 Jul 1786 Dutch occupation.
Oct 1874 British protectorate.
1 Jul 1896 Part of Federated Malay States.
11 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep 1945 Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
1 Apr 1946 Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).

In the 15th century, Selangor was ruled by the Sultanate of Malacca. Initially populated by mainly the Minangkabaus of Sumatra, , Selangor saw an influx of Bugis in the 17th century. These new arrivals displaced the Minangkabau settlers and by the 18th century had established a sultanate which was constantly at war with the Dutch. In the 19th century, the economy of the state boomed due to the exploitation of huge tin reserves and the growing importance of rubber attracting a large influx of Chinese migrants. The 1860's were turbulent times for Selangor with feuds among Malay chieftains, Bugis and Chinese tin miners. The British capitalized on the turmoil and appointed a British Resident to the state in 1874.

Sultanate of Malacca(1402 - 1511)
After Parameswara found Malacca Sultanate in 1402(around 1400), his successor was Sultan Ahmad Shah. He was responsible for building the empire with the help of Orang Laut (Seaman), Orang Asli (Natives) and the Malays.In the 15th century, Selangor was ruled by the Sultanate of Malacca.

The hotly disputed era(1511-1745)
After the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511, the area became hotly disputed between the Portuguese, Johor, Aceh and Siam. When the Dutch displaced the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641, they brought in Muslim Bugis mercenaries from Sulawesi.

The history of Selangor dates back to as early as the 16th Century. It was during this time that rich deposits of tin were found the region. The area has a number of advantages such as natural wealth, along with the relative freedom of the presence of Dutch attracted numerous miners, immigrants and colonizers.

The coming of Bugis settlers
In 1680 Selangor experienced mass immigration by Bugis, a group of settlers from Sulawesi. These groups of people were known to be prominent sea traders and warriors and soon rose to prominence in Selangor. The Burgis first landed in Kampung Permatang in Kuala Selangor in the 16th century.

By 1700, the Bugis had dominated the state politically and economically and also established the present hereditary sultanate in 1740. In many districts, Bugis settlers displaced the Minangkabau settlers from Sumatra, who had established themselves in Selangor some 100 years previously.

Selangor Sultanate 1745-1874

The Sultans of Selangor are descended from a Bugis dynasty that claim descent from the rulers of Luwu in the southern part of Celebes (today known as Sulawesi). Nobles from this bloodline were involved in the dispute over the Johor-Riau Sultanate in the early 18th century, eventually placing their full support in the cause of Sultan Abdul Jalil of the Bendahara dynasty against the claimant to the Malaccan lineage, Raja Kechil. For this reason, the Bendahara rulers of Johor-Riau established close relations with the Bugis nobles, providing them with titles and control over many areas within the empire, including Selangor. Daeng Chelak's prince, Raja Lumu arrived in Selangor and founded a new government at Kuala Selangor in 1766. He was installed by the Sultan of Perak as Sultan Salehuddin Shah(1745-1778) and became the first Sultan of Selangor.(source: wikipedia)

List of Sultans of Selangor

* Sultan Salahuddin Shah (Raja Lumu; 1745-1778)
* Sultan Ibrahim Shah (Raja Ibrahim; 1778-1826)
* Sultan Muhammad Shah (Raja Muhammad; 1826-1857)
* Sultan Sir Abdul Samad (Raja Abdul Samad; 1857-1896)
* Sultan Sir Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah (Tengku Sulaiman Shah; 1896-1937)
* Sultan Sir Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj (Tengku Alam Shah; 1937-1942, 1945-1960)
* Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah (Tengku Musaeddin; during Japanese occupation 1942-1945)
* Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj (Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah; 1960-2001)
* Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Al-Haj (Tengku Idris Shah; 2001-current)

Note: Raja Muda Selangor Raja Mahmud Ibni Sultan Muhamad(1849-1919) was 7 years old when the 3rd Sultan of Selangor died.The third sultan of Selangor, Sultan Muhammad Shah, died on 6 January 1857 without appointing an heir. This started a dispute between the royal court and dignitaries of Selangor to choose the next sultan. To select the next sultan Malay customs dictate that the son of a royal wife takes precedence over the sons of other wives. This makes Raja Mahmud the next legitimate heir but he was too young and was unable to exert his right. Sultan Muhammad's older and more competent sons, Raja Laut and Raja Sulaiman(father to Raja Mahdi) were sons of concubines, the Sultan's sons-in-law, Raja Jumaat and Raja Abdullah, were from the Riau branch of the family, hence they were all ineligible. This left Raja Abdul Samad, the nephew and son-in-law of the late Sultan, who held the title of Tengku Panglima Raja with authority over Langat, as the candidate with the strongest contention. Raja Jumaat and Raja Abdullah became convinced that they could become the power behind the throne if they supported Raja Abdul Samad to take the throne. With their patronage and the support of four other state dignitaries, a consensus was made to select the nephew of Sultan Muhammad Shah, Raja Abdul Samad Raja Abdullah.

Other sources state that Selangor went on for two years without a sultan until he was favoured and that, unlike his predecessors, he was not formally installed by the Sultan of Perak
(source: wikipedia)

Raja Muda Selangor Raja Mahmud become Penghulu of Semenyeh-Kampong Baru, Kuala Lumpur. British colonist agreed that a 60 years old and related only thru marriage to his Grand Aunty, Raja Mariam ibni Sultan Ibrahim that Abdul Samad bin Raden Zainal Abidin, a commoner was the preferred and suitable choice for the succession , marking the END of the Daeng Chelak reign in Selangor. Raja Madmud died in 1919 and buried at Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur. His son Raja Kechil Raja Madmud become Penghulu of Kampong Baru. Masjid Jamek Kg Baru was located at the wakaf land of Raja Kechik, and Istana Kechil was in front of the mosque, but had since been demolished(source:http://www.melayuberaja.org). Historically,there were dispute on the succession.

Following the successful establishment of the Ampang tin mines by Muhamad Shah, Sultan Abdul Samad used the tin ore to trade with the states of the Straits Settlements. The mines in turn attracted even more Chinese miners] with the help of Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, one of his son-in-laws and Yap Ah Loy, a Chinese Kapitan.

Klang War(1867-1874)

The Klang War or Selangor Civil War was fought between Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, the administrator of Klang and Raja Mahadi bin Raja Sulaiman from 1867 to 1874. Raja Abdullah the head of Hulu Klang, appointed by Sultan Muhammad Shah of Selangor between 1849 and 1850.

Before the sultan appointed Raja Abdullah as Klang's administrator, Raja Mahadi's father, Raja Sulaiman was Klang's head. In 1866, Raja Abdullah leased Klang to two traders from the Straits Settlements; William Henry Macleod Read and Tan Kim Ching. Among benefits of being a renter was tax collection. When the two traders went out to collect tax, Raja Mahadi was offended. Given his standing within the Malay communities, he refused to pay tax to foreigners.

Sultan Muhammad died in 1857 and was replaced by Sultan Abdul Samad. With sympathy from the new royal family of Selangor, Raja Mahadi began to challenge Raja Abdullah's authority in Klang. The royal court considered Raja Abdullah, which was from Riau instead of Selangor, as an outsider. On Raja Abdullah's side was his son, Raja Ismail. The Chinese laborers were divided between the two camps.

In 1867, Tengku Kudin,or Tengku Dhiauddin Zainal Rashid,the son-in-law of the sultan was appointed as Vice Yam Tuan and arbitrator. The sultan also handed over Langat to Tengku Kudin to help him finance the war. Tengku Kudin also helped Sultan to manage the state. He was arbitrator twice during the war; first on 26 June 1868 and again on 22 July 1871. Raja Mahadi however flatly refused the peace effort. Offended by Raja Mahadi's blunt no, Tengku Kudin sided with Raja Abdullah and Raja Ismail instead and this precipitated a war. The coalition against Raja Mahadi received a blow when Raja Abdullah died of natural cause. However, an influential Chinese kapitan, Yap Ah Loy, of whom was responsible for the early development of Kuala Lumpur joined Tengku Kudin's cause.

Raja Laut and Raja Mahdi fighting off the colonial powers ,were with the help of Syed Mashor a famous Malay warrior from Kedah, Chong Chong the mining headman from Fei Chew Hakka clan and the Ghee Hin secret society, proving the existence of coercive force and strong resistance to the disputed recognition of Abdul Samad as the Sultan.

Throughout the war, Tengku Kudin brought in 500 soldiers from Kedah along with mercenaries and European officers from the Straits Settlements. Finally, in 1872, he brought more soldiers from Pahang to gain the upper hand over Raja Mahadi.

The war ended in 1874 and was won over by Tengku Kudin and Raja Ismail while Raja Mahadi step down. Raja Mahadi died in Klang and was buried in Klang. The Sultan later handed over the ruling power of Klang to Tungku Kudin after the war was won in 1874. In 1878 Tengku Kudin however stood down from this post.

British 1875-1957

In the 19th century, the economy boomed due to the exploitation of huge tin reserves and the growing importance of rubber. This attracted a large influx of Chinese migrant laborers. Chinese secret clan societies, allied with Selangor chiefs, fought for control of the tin mines. The increasing violence created social and economic havoc.

The British Straits Settlements were becoming increasingly dependent on the economy of Selangor. Selangor through the 19th and the 20th was one of the world's major tin producers. Since Selangor's security affected tin trade, the British felt it needed to have a say in Selangor politics. The British saw Tengku Kudin as a ticket to reach out to Selangor's royal court. Therefore, the Straits Settlements led by Andrew Clarke implicitly supported Tengku Kudin in the civil war. But after the war, the Pahang army did not return but want to collect tax for their service. The royal family was greatly disappointed with the outcome of the war and viewed Tengku Kudin with suspicion. The post-war situation had weakened Tengku Kudin's power base. Therefore, Andrew Clarke was forced to freeze the plan to reach out to the royal family through Tengku Kudin.

In November 1873 however, a ship from Penang was attacked by pirates near Kuala Langat, Selangor. The sultan expressed concern over Selangor's security and requested assistance from Sir Andrew Clarke. Andrew Clarke assigned Frank Swettenham as a live-in advisor to Sultan Abdul Samad in August 1874. In October the same year, Sultan Abdul Samad sent a letter to Andrew Clarke requesting for Selangor to be placed under the British protectorate. This led to the appointment of a British Resident in Selangor in 1875. The first resident was James Guthrie Davidson (J.G. Davidson), a lawyer from Singapore. He was Tengku Kudin's friend.

Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered. Jugra became the royal capital of Selangor when Sultan Abdul Samad built the Jugra Palace and moved there in 1875. Bandar Jugra is a historical town and former royal town in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. It is located near Banting in the district of Kuala Langat in Selangor. After 1874, the British soon selected Klang over Jugra as the centre of their administration, which it remained until 1880 when they transferred it to the mining centre of Kuala Lumpur.

In 1896, largely through the coordination of the Resident, Frank Swettenham, Selangor united with Negri Sembilan, Perak and Pahang to form the Federated Malay States, with its capital in Kuala Lumpur.

The 4th Sultan's succession

Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah had many children, his first three sons in chronological order being Tengku Musa Eddin, Tengku Badar Shah and Tengku Alam Shah. The first two sons were children by his royal consort, Tengku Ampuan Maharum binti Tengku Dhiauddin of the royal house of Kedah. In 1903, Tunku Musa Eddin had been made Tengku Mahkota and was promoted to Raja Muda or heir apparent in 1920.

However, at the instigation of the British Resident, Theodore Samuel Adams (1885-1961; in office 1935 - 1937), Tengku Musa Eddin was dismissed as Raja Muda in 1934 for alleged "misbehaviour". Adams had accused Tengku Musa Eddin as a spendthrift and wastrel with a penchant for gambling. However, many Malays in Selangor believed the real reason for Tengku Musa Eddin's dismissal was his refusal to follow Adam's orders.

Although Sultan Sulaiman pleaded for the case of Tengku Musa Eddin (even petitioning the Secretary of State for the Colonies and discussing the issue directly with him in London), Tengku Alam Shah was instead proclaimed Raja Muda or heir to the throne over the head of his other half-brother Tengku Badar. The appointment occurred on 20 July 1936. Tengku Alam Shah was proclaimed Sultan on 4 April 1938, four days after the death of his father. On 26 January 1939, he was crowned at Istana Mahkota Puri in Klang(as 5th Sultan). Tengku Musa Eddin, then Tengku Kelana Jaya Putera, presided over the ceremony.

Japan: Japanese occupation (1941–1945)in WW2
On 15 January 1942, Col. Fujiyama, the Japanese Military Governor of Selangor, invited Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah to King's House in Kuala Lumpur. In an interview with Major-General Minaki the Sultan confessed that he had made speeches in support of the British war efforts but had been persuaded by the British resident to do so. After being told to surrender the regalia to his older brother, the Japanese removed Sultan Alam Shah and in November 1943, proclaimed Tengku Musa Eddin as the new Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah of Selangor(6th Sultan).

Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah declined to work with the Japanese and from 1943, refused their allowance awarded to him and his children.

Tengku Musa’eddin ruled from 1942 to 1945 as Sultan Ghiathuddin Riayat Shah after which Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was given back the throne as 7th Sultan, when the Japanese surrendered in 1945. Tengku Musa’eddin was then sent into exile in the Cocos Islands but was allowed to come home ten years later where he died in Kelang in 1955 without leaving any heirs.
(source: wikipedia)

British: Post War(1945-1957)

The Federated Malay States evolved into the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1970, Selangor relinquished the city of Kuala Lumpur to the federal government. Putrajaya also became a federal territory in 2002.

Malayan Union (1946–1948)
On 1 March 1946, Sultan Alam Shah officiated the First Malay Unity Congress at the Sultan Sulaiman Club in Kuala Lumpur which was instrumental in creating UMNO.

Federation of Malaya (1948–1963)

Malaysia Independence(1957-now)

Malaya obtained independence from British on 31-8-1957, Sultan Alam Shah was elected Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong of independent Malaya. Sultan Alam Shah was elected second Yang di-Pertuan Agong or federal Paramount Ruler of independent Malaya (the present Malaysia before the accession of British North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore in 1963) on the death of Tuanku Abdul Rahman. His term of office began on 14 April 1960. Sultan Alam Shah died from an unidentified illness at Istana Tetamu in Kuala Lumpur on 1 September 1960, aged 62, the day fixed for his installation. He was interred at the Royal Mausoleum near Sultan Sulaiman Mosque in Klang, Selangor on 3 September 1960.

Federation of Malaysia (1963–present)
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj ibni Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ( 8 March 1926 – 21 November 2001) was the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and eighth Sultan of Selangor. He was the oldest ruler to be elected as the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 26 April 1999 and installed on 11 September 1999.

The cession of Putrajaya, which was formerly Selangor territory, to the Federal Government in 2001 to become a Federal Territory occurred during his reign as Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Persiaran Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah in Putrajaya was named after him.

However, after reigning for two years and 6 months, he died in office on 21 November 2001 at the Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur. He underwent a heart operation to put a pacemaker two months prior to his death, which he did not fully recover from.

(source: wikipedia)

Raja
1743 - 1766 Raja Lumu bin Daing Celak (b. c.1705 - d. 1778)

Sultans¹
1766 - 1778 Tuanku Salehuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Yamtuan Muda
Daing Celak (Raja Lumu) (s.a.)
1778 - 27 Oct 1826 Tuanku Ibrahim Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Salehuddin Shah (b. c.1736 - d. 1826)
(13 Aug 1784 - 29 Jul 1786 in Pahang exile)
13 Jul 1784 - 8 Apr 1785 Saiyid Ali bin Uthman Abdul (b. 17.. - d. 1821)
Jalil Saifuddin -Regent
8 Apr 1785 - 1786 Saiyid Abdul Rahman -Governor
27 Oct 1826 - 6 Jan 1857 Tuanku Muhammad Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah (b. 1772 - d. 1857)
6 Jan 1857 - 6 Feb 1898 Tuanku Abdus Samad ibni al-Marhum
Raja Abdullah (b. 1804 - d. 1898)
6 Jan 1857 - 1859 Raja Mahmud ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad Shah -Regent (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
6 Feb 1898 - 31 Mar 1938 Tuanku Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah ibni
al-Marhum Raja Muda Musa (b. 1863 - d. 1938)
4 Apr 1938 - 15 Feb 1942 Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah (1st time) (b. 1898 - d. 1960)
15 Feb 1942 - 14 Sep 1945 Tuanku Musa Ghiathuddin Riayat
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah (b. 1893 - d. 1955)
14 Sep 1945 - 1 Sep 1960 Tuanku Hisamuddin Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Apr 1960 - 1 Sep 1960 Tengku Salahuddin Shah -Regent (b. 1926 - d. 2001)
1 Sep 1960 - 21 Nov 2001 Tuanku Salehuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
ibni al-Marhum Hisamuddin Alam
Shah (s.a.)
26 Apr 1999 - 21 Nov 2001 Tengku Idris Shah -Regent (b. 1945)
22 Nov 2001 - Sharafuddin Idris Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Salehuddin Abdul
Aziz Shah (s.a.)

¹Full style of the ruler: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara Selangor Darul Ihsan ("Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Selangor").

Kuala Selangor - A historical town

Kuala Selangor has been settled since the 16th century. The whole area was under the rule of the Melaka Empire and, later, the Johor Empire.

But by the end of the 17th century, the Bugis had conquered these places. In 1857, the nobles and residents united and formed a government in Selangor, with Raja Lumu (the son of Raja Bugis), installed as the first ruler of Selangor.

After 1857, the state's administrative centre shifted from Kuala Selangor to Klang. Kuala Selangor continued to play an important role in the history of Selangor: it was the scene of many battles against the Dutch and later, the British.

Bukit Melawati, known as Bukit Selangor to the locals, has an indelible mark in the history of Selangor. The locals built a fortress on top of the hill in the 19th century to defend Selangor from enemy attacks at the river mouth and provide a vantage point to monitor ships entering and leaving the Straits of Malacca. The fortress was captured by the mighty Dutch armies and was used as their base to launch attacks on Selangor to capture the luxurious tin trade. The fortress was renamed Fortress Altingsburg after the name of the Dutch Governor General at that time, Governor General Alting.

British Residents

20 Jan 1875 - 1 Nov 1875 James Guthrie Davidson
20 Nov 1875 - 1 Oct 1882 Bloomfield Douglas (b. 1822 - d. 1906)
2 Oct 1882 - 31 May 1889 Frank Athelstane Swettenham (b. 1850 - d. 1946)
8 Feb 1884 - 8 Jan 1888 John Pickersgill Rodger (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1910)
(acting for Swettenham)
1 Jun 1889 - 16 Mar 1892 William Edward Maxwell (b. 1846 - d. 1897)
3 Apr 1892 - 9 May 1892 F.G. Penney (acting for Maxwell)
17 Mar 1892 - 30 Jun 1896 William Hood Treacher (b. 1849 - d. 1919)
9 May 1892 - 10 Jan 1893 E.W. Birch (acting for Treacher)
Jul 1896 - 12 Dec 1901 John Pickersgill Rodger (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Apr 1897 - 4 Jul 1897 Henry Conway Belfield (1st time) (b. 1855 - d. 1923)
(acting for Rodger)
4 Oct 1897 - 21 Apr 1898 Henry Conway Belfield (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Rodger)
5 Apr 1899 - 28 Sep 1899 Henry Conway Belfield (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Rodger)
29 Sep 1899 - 2 Jan 1900 R.S.F. Walker (acting for Rodger)
3 Jan 1900 - 23 Sep 1901 Henry Conway Belfield (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting for Rodger)
1 Oct 1901 - 24 Oct 1901 Hugh Clifford (acting for Rodger)
24 Oct 1901 - 18 Jun 1902 E.M. Merewether
(acting for Rodger 12 Dec 1901)
19 Jun 1902 - 18 Aug 1902 A.R. Venning (acting)
18 Aug 1902 - 5 Mar 1911 Henry Conway Belfield (5th time) (s.a.)
18 Jan 1911 - 15 Aug 1911 J.O. Anthonisz (acting for Belfield)
4 Nov 1903 - 17 Feb 1905 D.G. Campbell (1st time)
(acting for Belfield)
10 Nov 1906 - 15 Feb 1907 D.G. Campbell (2nd time)
(acting for Belfield)
23 Oct 1908 - 29 Jan 1909 D.G. Campbell (3rd time)
(acting for Belfield)
6 Mar 1911 - 8 Aug 1913 Reginald George Watson (b. 1862 - d. 1926)
(acting to 9 Aug 1912)
9 Aug 1912 - 1 Jul 1919 Edward George Broadrick (b. 1864 - d. 1929)
8 Aug 1913 - 20 Aug 1914 E. Burnside (acting for Broadrick)
7 Jun 1917 - 28 Dec 1917 J.R.O. Aldworth
(acting for Broadrick)
1 Jul 1919 - 12 Feb 1920 Arthur Henry Lemon (b. 1864 - d. 1933)
(acting to 3 Sep 1919)
13 Feb 1920 - 12 Dec 1921 Oliver Marks
(acting to 13 Feb 1921)
13 Sep 1921 - 2 Nov 1921 E.S. Hose (acting for Marks)
13 Dec 1921 - 1926 Oswald Francis Gerard Stonor (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
25 Oct 1923 - 26 Mar 1924 R. Scott (acting for Stonor)
27 Mar 1924 - 9 Apr 1924 H.S. Sircom (acting for Stonor)
1926 - 1927 Henry Wagstaffe Thomson (b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1927 - 1931 James Lornie (b. 1876 - d. 1959)
Jul 1932 - 1933 Geoffrey Edmund Cator (b. 1884 - d. 1973)
1933 - 1935 George Ernest London (b. 1889 - d. 1957)
1935 - 1937 Theodore Samuel Adams (b. 1885 - d. 1961)
Apr 1937 - 1939 Stanley Wilson Jones (b. 1888 - d. 1962)
1939 - 1941 George Montgomery Kidd (b. 1889 - d. 19..)
1941 Norman Rowlstone Jarrett (acting) (b. 1889 - d. 1982)
Japanese Governor
1942 - 1945 Shotaro Katayama (b. 1889 - d. 1982)
British Resident Commissioners
1945 - 1946 ....
1 Apr 1946 - 1947 George Evans Cameron Wisdom (b. 1899 - d. 1958)
1947 - Feb 1949 Arthur Louis Birse (b. 1893 - d. 19..)
Feb 1949 - 1950 Richard John Froude Curtis (b. 1897 - d. 19..)
1950 - Oct 1952 A.N. Ross (b. 1905)
Oct 1952 - 1954 Harold George Hammett (b. 1906 - d. 1999)
1954 - 1955 Frederick Victor Duckworth (b. 1901)
Nov 1954 - Mar? 1955 G.S. Rawlings (b. 1904)
(acting for Duckworth)
British Adviser
1955 - Jun 1956 Frederick Victor Duckworth (s.a.)
Jun 1956 Post abolished

Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
Jun 1947 - Jul 1949 Datuk Hamzah bin Abdullah
Jul 1949 - Mar 1953 Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja (b. 1894 - d. 1976)
Muhammed (1st time)
Mar 1953 - Sep 1954 Datuk Othman Mohamed
Sep 1954 - Aug 1955 Raja Sir Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja (s.a.)
Muhammed (2nd time)
Aug 1955 - Jul 1957 Tan Sri Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid
Jul 1957 - May 1959 Tan Sri Abdul Jamil bin Abdul Rais (b. 1912 - d. ....)
30 May 1959 - 19 Mar 1964 Datuk Abu Bakar Baginda
19 Mar 1964 - 15 Apr 1976 Dato' Harun Idris (b. 1925 - d. 2003) UMNO
15 Apr 1976 - 3 May 1982 Datuk Hormat Rafei (b. 1923 - d. 2001)
3 May 1982 - 14 Aug 1986 Dato' Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali (b. 1928 - d. 2001)
14 Aug 1986 - 14 Apr 1997 Muhammad Muhammad Taib (b. 1945) UMNO/BN
(from 8 MAr 1987, Datuk Muhammad
Muhammad Taib; from 7 Jun 1989,
Tan Sri Muhammad Muhammad Taib)
2 May 1997 - 18 Aug 2000 Datuk Seri Abu Hassan Omar (b. 1940) UMNO/BN
18 Aug 2000 - 13 Mar 2008 Mohamad Khir Toyo (b. 1965) UMNO/BN
(from 14 Sep 2000, Datuk Mohamad
Khir Toyo; from 10 Mar 2001, Datuk
Seri Mohamad Khir Toyo)
13 Mar 2008 - Tan Sri Khalid Ibrahim (b. 1946) PKR


Royal Selangor(1885)

Royal Selangor was founded in 1885

To be continue...
Bugis People and Selangor
Minangkabau and Selangor